The Black Seam: Mine Machines

(Excerpt) Lancashire’s coalfield was one of Britain’s most productive and innovative, its deep, gassy and heavily faulted seams drove continuous advances in mining technology from the medieval period through to the late twentieth century.

A Condensed History of Clitheroe Castle

(Excerpt) Clitheroe Castle served as the caput (administrative centre) of the Honour of Clitheroe, a large estate stretching along the western side of the Pennines. The de Lacy family, whose principal seat was at Pontefract, used it as a base for local governance and it functioned as a court, small prison, and centre for the administration of the surrounding forests and manors. A small garrison was maintained through the 13th century.

The Common Darter

In the serotinal days of late summer, when the countryside’s tones shift from emerald to gold, our insect life slowly fades from the scene and the buzz and hum of bees and flies dials back to the silence of winter.

Yet life still lingers, and some flying insects remain to stir the cooling autumnal air, including the striking and swift-flying Sympetrum striolatum, the Common Darter dragonfly.

Ring O’ Clogs

What ses Lancasheer to thee,

is it Blackpoo’ by the sea?

Is it wet ond muggy days,

ships on t’Mersey through the aze,

blackpuddings on a plate in’t shops,

is it shawls or whippet dogs,

or is it just the ring o’ clogs.

Ovinophobia, the Rise of the Anti-Sheep Movement

(Excerpt) In the early 2010s, a series of sharp critiques of British upland sheep farming emerged from environmental circles and gradually hardened into a sustained campaign. What began as polemical writing about ecological damage evolved into calls for the removal of sheep from the hills. This was framed as essential for nature recovery, flood prevention and rewilding, among other things.

Laccaria amethystina, Deceptive Jewel of the Autumn Woods

(Excerpt) Laccaria amethystina is ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationships with the roots of trees. It is most often found with beech, oak and birch, though it also occurs under conifers, and grows in leaf litter and moss in both deciduous and mixed woodland, frequently in scattered groups or small troops.

The Northern Oak Eggar Moth

(Excerpt) The Oak Eggar moth (Lasiocampa quercus) is one of Britain’s most distinctive and widespread large moths. Despite its name, it has no connection with oak trees, the ‘eggar’ refers to the tough, oval, acorn-like cocoon in which the pupa develops, this is referred to in the epithet of its scientific name: quercus, which is the latin name for Oak.

Small-leaved Lime, Relict of the Ancient Wildwood

(Excerpt) The northern limit of native T. cordata in Britain lies in the English Lake District at approximately 54°30′N, with the majority of sites within about 25km of the Morecambe Bay coast. Populations are concentrated on the wooded hills from Warton to Ulverston and extend inland up the valleys of the Lune, Kent, and Duddon, with the most northerly localities in Borrowdale and beside Ullswater.